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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 119-128.

• 西方文论与美学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

一个核心话语的反思——苏联“社会主义现实主义”话语演变记

周启超   

  1. 中国社会科学院外国文学研究所
  • 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-10-09
  • 作者简介:周启超，文学博士，中国社会科学院外国文学研究所研究员、博士生导师、理论室主任。

Reflection on the Discursive Evolution of the Socialist Realism in the Soviet Union

Zhou Qichao   

  1. the Institute of Foreign Literatures in CASS
  • Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-10-09
  • About author:Zhou Qichao, Ph.D., is a professor, research fellow and the director of the Division of Literary Theories, the Institute of Foreign Literatures in CASS.

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摘要： 文学理论言说是一种话语实践。“社会主义现实主义”是在苏联文学与中国文学的行进历程上已然刻下深深印迹的一个核心话语。清理这一核心话语的演变轨迹，有助于这一核心话语历史功能的反思。从话语实践的现实效果来看，“社会主义现实主义的开放体系”可谓“恪守中的开放”：在客观上确实推动了文学理论界与文学创作界的“思想解放”；也可谓“开放中的恪守”：在主观上曾真实体现出苏联文论界期望通过自身的“主动修复”来捍卫“社会主义现实主义”这一文化战略。尊重历史原生态，检阅历史，回望历史，对苏联“社会主义现实主义”这一核心话语进行客观冷静的历史反思，已成为20世纪文艺理论史、20世纪美学思想史甚或20世纪艺术文化史的书写中一个不可回避的话题。

关键词: 社会主义现实主义, 话语实践, 开放, 恪守

Abstract: Literary criticism is a form of discursive practice. Socialist realism is a key concept in the process of contemporary literature both in the Soviet Union and in China. The delineation of the trajectory along which the concept evolves may help the reflection on its historical function. In terms of the effects of the discursive practice, "the open system" of socialist realism is de facto "openness in conservatism," which does promote the "spiritual liberation" in the circles of literary criticism and literary creation. The open system can also be understood as "open conservatism," and it was indeed meant to be the cultural strategy to defend the socialist realism through initiatives of self-amending. For such an important discourse in literary history, the socialist realism in the Soviet should be examined by putting it into the broader context of 20th-century intellectual and culture history.

Key words: socialist realism, discursive practice, openness, conservatism