Behavior Language, Unconscious Structure and Literary Activities

Abstract

Abstract: Human's consciousness is constructed by the memory of speech acts, and the unconscious is constructed by the memory of behavior language. The similarities and differences between the two languages (behaviors) determine the relation and differentiation between the structure of consciousness and that of the unconscious. Therefore, it does not hold water that Lacan uses the structure of language to explain the unconscious. Aesthetic activities are the full cooperation between consciousness and the unconscious, so the characteristics of the two kinds of behaviors (languages) determine the dual character of aesthetic and artistic activities.

Key words: consciousness, the unconscious, speech act, behavior language, aesthetic, literature and art

Ma Dakang. Behavior Language, Unconscious Structure and Literary Activities[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2016, 36(6): 6-18.

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(1)关于行为语言的详细论述参阅马大康:“文学活动中的言语行为与行为语言”,《文艺研究》3(2016):20-31。
(2)与口头语言相比,书面语言不仅进一步加深了人与世界间的裂罅,加强了人的反思能力和理性能力,而且加大了语言与人之间的分裂,使语言和意识本身也成为受人审视和反思的对象,推进了语言和思维的合理性、严密性、科学性,并促成知识的诞生。不过,这与本议题关系不大,故存而不论。
(3)譬如在普通语言中“我爱你”,“我”是主语,“爱”是谓语,“你”是宾语。可是,在行为语言及无意识中却不存在这种区分,非但没有“我”与“你”之区分,没有“主语”与“宾语”的区分,甚至“我”和“爱”这一行为也没有被区分,它们重叠在一起,融合为一体;而“我”与“你”则被“爱”这一行为所连贯和统一,我只是行为的施行者,行为就体现在我身上,你则是受施者,和行为紧紧联系在一起,并受到行为的影响,它们都尚未被命名,被分割,是一个浑整的行为连续体。
(4)“自我认同”既是与他人相区分和划界的过程,又是认同自我历史的过程,在此过程中,对自我行为语言风格的建构仍然离不开种族和传统,离不开“他者”。在他为自己的行为增添新的个人因素的同时,不可能以纯个人的方式存在。
(5)人的意识活动或无意识心理活动,同样可以作为文学的描述对象,只不过这是对言语行为记忆、行为语言记忆及其活动状况的描述。
(6)参阅马大康:“言语行为理论:探索文学奥秘的新范式”,《文学评论》5(2015):73-82。

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