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文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 145-152.

• 现当代文论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“人力车夫”形象缺席左翼文学考论

康馨   

  1. 内蒙古大学文学与新闻传播学院
  • 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-01-03
  • 作者简介:康馨,文学博士,内蒙古大学文学与新闻传播学院讲师,主要从事左翼文学与中国现代思想史研究。

On the Absence of the Image of “the Rickshaw Puller” in Left-Wing Literature

Kang Xin   

  1. School of Literature and Journalism at Inner Mongolia University
  • Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-01-03
  • About author:Kang Xin, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the School of Literature and Journalism at Inner Mongolia University. Her research focuses on left-wing literature and modern Chinese intellectual history.

摘要: “人力车夫”是“五四”文学中频繁出现的人物形象,体现了当时以“劳工神圣”为口号的平民主义思潮。然而在为劳苦大众代言的左翼文学中,“人力车夫”却失去了象征意义,几乎消失于人物形象谱系。这一方面是因为20世纪30年代上海人力车夫的生存实景与左翼文学致力于塑造的“工农大众”差异甚大,另一方面是因为左翼革命观念无法对该群体亟待解决的社会救济问题予以积极回应,因而将其冷落至话语边缘。20世纪50年代《骆驼祥子》的删改过程反映了阶级论思维对劳动者形象的一种形塑方式,“人道主义”引发的争议也在话语层面暴露了左翼文艺建构自身逻辑的语言学难题。

关键词: 人力车夫; , 左翼文学; , 大众; , 革命

Abstract:  A recurring image in May Fourth literature, “the rickshaw puller” embodied the populist trend of advocating the idea of “sacred labor.” However, in left-wing literature that spoke for the hard-working masses, the symbolic relevance of “the rickshaw puller” diminished to the extent that such figures almost disappeared from the genealogy of fictional images. On the one hand, this resulted from the gap between the actual living conditions of Shanghai rickshaw pullers in the 1930s and the “workers and peasants” created in left-wing literature. On the other hand, it had something do to with the left-wing revolutionary ideas' inadequacy to respond positively to the urgent issue of the rickshaw pullers' social relief, hence the marginalization of them in literary discourse. The revision and deletion of Camel Xiangzi in the 1950s reflected the impact of class theory on the formation of the image of laborer. The debate over humanitarianism exposed, on the discursive level, the problem within the self-constructed revolutionary logic of left-wing literature and art.

Key words: the rickshaw puller; , left-wing literature; , the masses; , revolution