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文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 96-106.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

晋宋诗学的“物理”探求

蔡丹君   

  1. 中国人民大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-09-26
  • 作者简介:蔡丹君,文学博士,中国人民大学文学院副教授,主要从事汉魏六朝文学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金重大招标项目易代之际文学思想研究”[项目编号:14ZDB073]的阶段性成果

An Exploration into the “Essence of Things” in the Poetics of the Jin and Song Dynasties

Cai Danjun   

  1. Renmin University of China
  • Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-09-26
  • About author:Cai Danjun, Ph.D., is an associate professor at Renmin University of China, whose research focuses on the literature and literary resources from the Han to the Tang dynasty.
  • Supported by:

    the Major Project of the National Sciences Foundation of China (14ZDB073).

摘要:

“晋世群才,稍入轻绮”,物之声、色的发现及描绘之能事,成为晋宋诗学发展的核心内容。对于这一近世潮流,钟嵘、刘勰都给予了批评。他们主张诗歌创作不应耽于物色之巧,而应继承汉魏比兴传统,回到“应物斯感”这样的物我关系的表达之中。这些批判为后世所接受,引发了诸多对晋宋诗学的否定性意见。事实上,晋宋之际的知识环境决定了诗人对世界产生强烈的探求之欲——人们藉由博物学、玄学思辨等方法来识得“物理”。诗人“观看”万物,继而通过玄思将客体之“物理”与主体之“生理”联系在一起,“感物”模式遂退居了次要地位。在晋宋诗人的“物理”探求之下,物我平等而处,又彼此互通。无论是晋宋诗中“物”的呈现,还是“理”的通达,对于诗歌史而言,皆既是哲学思维水平的升格,也是语言艺术水平的升格,具有深刻的革新意义。

关键词:

晋宋, 诗学, 玄学, 物理

Abstract:

The discovery and representation of the sound and color of things became the core content in the development of the poetics of the Jin and Song Dynasties, a trend criticized by such critics as Zhong Rong and Liu Xie, who denounced  the poetry that indulged in  description of things and maintained that poetry should resume the traditions of metaphor and evocation (bixing 比兴) from the Han and Wei dynasties and of  the relationship between the object and the self as expressed in “correspondences between feelings and objects.” Such criticism was advocated by later generations, and resulted in many negative comments on the Jin and Song poetics. In fact, the intellectual environment between the two dynasties strengthened the poets’  will to explore the world. The poets regard the myriad things, and connect the “essence of things” or thingness of the object  with the “essence of physicality” of the subject in  metaphysical thinking. Therefore, the mode of “feeling things” was placed in a secondary position. The poets’ explorations into the “essence of things” led to the equality and commensality between things and man, and they are of great innovative significance. Both the presentation of “things” and the understanding of “essence” in the Jin and Song poetry are a developments in terms of philosophical thinking and language art.

Key words:

the Jin and Song dynasties, poetics, metaphysics, the essence of things