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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 211-226.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    

晚明禅林诗禅关系的重构与援儒入禅的诗学转向：以吹万广真为中心

王廷法   

  1. 江西科技师范大学
  • 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-05-06
  • 作者简介:王廷法，文学博士，江西科技师范大学文学院讲师，江西传统文化资源保护与开发研究中心特聘副研究员，江西科技师范大学人文社科青年拔尖人才，主要从事明清佛教文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“明清释家别集整理与研究”［项目编号：20&ZD269］；江西省文化艺术科学规划一般项目“江西黎川寿昌禅系研究”［项目编号：YG2021125］；江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年项目“江西寿昌禅系与赣闽区域互动研究 ”［项目编号：ZJ21202］

Reconstructing the Relationship between Poetry and Zen and Incorporating Confucianism into Zen in the Late Ming Dynasty: Centering on Chuiwan Guangzhen

Wang Tingfa   

  1. Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
  • Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-05-06
  • About author:Wang Tingfa, Ph.D., is a lecturer at the School of Chinese Language and Literature, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, and an associate researcher at the Jiangxi Research Center for Traditional Cultural Resources Protection and Development. His research interests include Buddhist literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
  • Supported by:

    the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China (20&ZD269); the General Project of Culture, Art and Sciences of Jiangxi Province (YG2021125); the Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences for Jiangxi Universities (ZJ21202); the Youth Top Talent Project in Humanities and Social Sciences of Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University (2021QNBJRC008)

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摘要： 吹万广真对明末禅林抄袭模拟之风有着清醒的认知，其诗禅观念立足禅林，提出“诗家法即禅家法”的“以诗喻禅”之说，不但是禅林“借诗解禅”“借诗悟禅”的迭代，也体现了吹万禅师指陈时弊，力图纠正晚明禅林真源渐昧的现状。吹万以“真参”“真悟”为“真诗”，将谢榛“四格”诗法导向了“真参实悟”的参禅之法，融参禅之道于诗学，认为古今之道一以贯之，以禅僧的立场道出了诗家的真髓。在动乱频仍的晚明，吹万禅师以忠孝作佛事，展现了自己的忠义菩提心，将禅林缭绕之佛音与诗韵相结合，援儒入禅，体现了禅门的救世情怀。禅门“诗言志”“和声律入佛音”虽有用世之思，但其道最终导归于禅，诗与非诗在于性觉妙明之“真心”，而非艺苑本身。

关键词:

晚明, 吹万广真, 诗禅关系, 援儒入禅

Abstract:

Chuiwan Guangzhen had a clear understanding of the imitation and plagiarism in Zen in the late Ming dynasty, and put forward the theory of “using poetry to describe Zen”, that is, “the method of poetry is the method of Zen”. It was not only a development in the theory of Zen poetry, but also reflected his concern about the current situation of Zen. Chuiwan Guangzhen considered “real Zen method” as a “real poetry method”, leading Xie Zhen’s poetry method of “four interpretations” to the method of “real Zen” and incorporating the way of Zen into poetics. He believed that the ancient and modern ways shared one spirit and pointed out the true essence of poetry from the standpoint of a Zen monk. In the late Ming dynasty with frequent upheavals, Chuiwan Guangzhen resorted to loyalty and filial piety in Buddhist rituals and incorporated Confucianism into Zen, reflecting the Buddhist thought of salvation. Although Zen’s “poetry expressing aspirations” and “incorporating poetry into Zen” reflected the thought of salvation, it ended up being Zen. The distinction between poetry and non-poetry lies in Zen, not in art.

Key words:

the late Ming dynasty, Chuiwan Guangzhen, the relationship between poetry and Zen, incorporating Confucianism into Zen