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文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1-12.

• 专题:戏曲研究 •    下一篇

元杂剧何以成为“一代之文学”——兼及“一代有一代之文学”论反思

徐大军   

  1. 杭州师范大学人文学院
  • 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-09-26
  • 作者简介:徐大军,文学博士,杭州师范大学人文学院教授,主要从事中国古代小说戏曲研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“宋元时期文学叙事口头形态与书面形态关系研究”[项目编号:19BZW046]、国家社科基金重大项目杂居古今演变史及历代杂剧文献汇释”[项目编号:19ZDA259]的阶段性成果

How Did Yuan Zaju Become “Literature of Its Time Period”: Revisiting the Idea “Every Time Period Has Its Own Literature”

Xu Dajun   

  1.  School of Humanities, Hangzhou Normal University
  • Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-09-26
  • About author:Xu Dajun, Ph.D., is a professor at the School of Humanities, Hangzhou Normal University. His research interests include classical Chinese fiction and theatre.
  • Supported by:

    National Social Sciences Foundation (19BZW046) and the Major Project of the National Sciences Foundation of China (19ZDA259).

摘要: “唐诗宋词元曲”这类序列一直是历代各家用以推尊元杂剧的工具,但它并非必然地指向于“一代有一代之文学”这个论断,而且它基于推尊元曲所表达的源流、并称、递变等含义,虽讨论框架在元代、明清、清末历经三次变化,却一直着眼于元杂剧的词章属性来论定其价值,把元杂剧视为诗歌框架中的乐府词章、剧曲框架中的曲词典范、文学框架中的诗歌最高等。比较而言,王国维则立足于戏剧属性,在近代新型的文学格局中重新利用这个序列来推尊元杂剧,基于两个评判维度(一种文体的发展框架、一个朝代的文学格局),提出了元杂剧为“一代之文学”的开创性论断。此论断虽成于王国维个人的思考,但促使他思考的框架、立场和眼界,则得益于他所处的那个时代语境。至于后之学者基于当世时代精神或文学发展观念附加在“一代之文学”中的含义,实属对王国维“一代文学”论的再引申。厘清元杂剧被推尊为“一代之文学”的传统、时代与个人因素,有助于对文学史、戏曲史与学术史相关问题予以切实的分析与评判。

关键词:

元杂剧, 词章属性, 戏剧属性, 文体序列

Abstract:

The sequence of literary form that “poetry of the Tang dynasty, ci-poetry of the Song dynasty and drama of the Yuan dynasty” is often used to advocate the value of Yuan zaju. However, it does not necessarily lead to the assertion that “every time period has its own literature”. In each period of history this assertion conveys different meanings, including the origin, coordination and variation of Yuan zaju, but the value judgements were based on Yuan zaju’s property of verse, considering it as successor of folk-song-styled verse, the exemplary model of dramatic poetry, or the highest level of Chinese poetry. In contrast, Wang Guowei focuses on Yuan zaju’s property of drama and uses the above sequence of literary forms in order to advocate the value of Yuan zaju, and proposes the groundbreaking argument that Yuan zaju can be considered as “literature of its time period”. The argument is rooted in the individual thought of Wang Guowei and the context of his time, and is subsequently developed by later scholars. As a result, the research related to the discourses on Yuan zaju helps solve problems in the history of Chinese literature, theatre and scholarship.

Key words:

Yuan zaju, property of verse, property of drama; sequence of literary form